One may experience minor  pain during injection of local anesthetic. Most patients tolerate it very well.  In children, IV anesthesia may be required. An anxious adult may choose IV  sedation as well. The actual treatment inside the Gamma Knife is totally  painless.

Complete immobilization of the target by the frame during treatment is the best guarantee for accuracy required for micro-radiosurgery of brain lesions near critical structures.

Minor acute reactions may include headache, numbness at injection sites and tiredness. Some tumors may swell up temporarily before they shrink. A small percentage of patients experience radiation necrosis of the lesion treated. Ask your Gamma Knife expert for more details.

Gamma Knife is a dedicated neurosurgical tool designed for the brain and the skull base. It emphasizes on extreme accuracy, conformity and selectivity, and radiation protection. With the new Perfexion model, the level of radiation outside the target is extremely low. This is highly relevant for patients with benign brain tumors, AVMs and trigeminal neuralgia, who are expected to live long. More than 2000 scientific articles in the medical journals supported its clinical use.

No.

No. If the target is very superficial, one may lose a small area of hairs temporarily.